সাধারন বিজ্ঞান - Read Mode
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Explanation
Atherosclerosis is a chronic, progressive inflammatory disorder of the arterial wall characterized by the accumulation of lipids, fibrous elements, and inflammatory cells.
Explanation
Necrotizing fasciitis can be mediated by exotoxins produced by bacteria like Streptococcus pyogenes (e.g., pyrogenic exotoxins). These toxins cause rapid tissue destruction and immune activation.
Explanation
The morphological appearance of necrosis results from two concurrent processes: enzymatic digestion of the cell and the denaturation of intracellular proteins.
Explanation
The superficial inguinal ring is a triangular opening in the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle. It is the exit of the inguinal canal.
Explanation
Myxedema (severe hypothyroidism) can lead to cardiac complications including myxedema heart disease, pericardial effusion, and potentially acute heart failure due to reduced contractility.
Q6. The rectum:
Explanation
In females, the rectum is related anteriorly to the posterior wall of the vagina and the cervix (separated by the rectouterine pouch or Pouch of Douglas).
Explanation
Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by massive proteinuria (overt proteinuria), hypoalbuminemia, edema, and hyperlipidemia. Overt proteinuria is the defining hallmark.
Explanation
Vitamin A cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be obtained from the diet (e.g., retinol or beta-carotene). Vitamin D is made in skin, and K and Biotin by gut bacteria.
Explanation
The rK39 immunochromatographic strip test is a rapid diagnostic test used to detect visceral leishmaniasis, also known as Kala-azar, with high sensitivity and specificity.
Explanation
Renal failure in multiple myeloma is often caused by cast nephropathy (paraprotein deposition), hypercalcemia, or amyloidosis. Hypocalcaemia is not a cause; rather, hypercalcemia is typical.