সাধারন বিজ্ঞান - Read Mode
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Explanation
The anterior cerebral artery supplies the majority of the medial surface of the cerebral hemispheres (frontal and parietal lobes). Occlusion here affects the leg area of the motor cortex.
Explanation
Clinical cyanosis (bluish discoloration of skin/mucosa) appears when the absolute concentration of reduced (deoxygenated) hemoglobin in the capillary blood exceeds 5 g/dL.
Explanation
Multiple Myeloma causes hypercalcemia due to increased osteoclastic bone resorption induced by cytokines produced by myeloma cells. It results in lytic bone lesions and release of calcium into the blood.
Explanation
The cardinal feature of atopic dermatitis (eczema) is intense pruritus (itching), which leads to scratching. The cycle of itching and scratching exacerbates the skin inflammation.
Explanation
BCG vaccine induces a controlled primary infection with an attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis. This stimulates the immune system to develop cellular immunity against tuberculosis.
Explanation
Fibrinogen is designated as Factor I. It is a soluble plasma protein that is converted into insoluble fibrin strands by thrombin during the final stages of the coagulation cascade, forming the mesh of a clot.
Explanation
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) and other leukemias are well-documented consequences of exposure to ionizing radiation. Hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow are highly sensitive to radiation damage.
Explanation
The uterine artery crosses over the ureter ('water under the bridge') near the lateral fornix of the vagina. This anatomical relationship is clinically important during hysterectomy to avoid ureteral injury.
Explanation
Air embolism is a potential immediate complication of blood transfusion if air enters the IV line. Other immediate reactions include hemolytic reactions, febrile reactions, and anaphylaxis.
Explanation
The gallbladder concentrates bile by reabsorbing water and electrolytes. Therefore, gallbladder bile has a significantly lower water content compared to the dilute hepatic bile produced by the liver.